We thank the World Climate Research Program Coupled Modeling Working Group, responsible for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), and the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1) who produced and made available their models. Our thanks also go to the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, which coordinates the support and directed development of CMIP's software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. Website : https://www.wcrp-climate.org/wgcm-cmip/wgcm-cmip5
Reference:
Taylor, K.E., R.J. Stouffer, G.A. Meehl, An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93, 485-498, DOI:10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1, 2012.
We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Regional Climate, and the Working Group on Coupled Modelling, former coordinating body of CORDEX and responsible panel for CMIP5. We also thank the climate modelling groups (listed in Table 2) for producing and making available their model output. We also acknowledge the U.S. Department of Defense ESTCP for its support of the NA-CORDEX data archive. Website: https://na-cordex.org/
Reference:
Mearns, Linda; McGinnis, Seth; Korytina, Daniel; Arritt, Raymond; Biner, Sebastien; Bukovsky, Melissa; Chang, Hsin-I; Christensen, Ole; Herzmann, Daryl; Jiao, Yanjun; Kharin, Slava; Lazare, Michael; Nikulin, Grigory; Qian, Minwei; Scinocca, John; Winger, Katja; Castro, Chris; Frigon, Anne; Gutowski, William, 2017: The NA-CORDEX dataset, version 1.0. NCAR Climate Data Gateway, Boulder CO, https://doi.org/10.5065/D6SJ1JCH
The production of ClimEx was funded within the ClimEx project by the Bavarian State Ministry for the Environment and Consumer Protection. The CRCM5 was developed by the ESCER centre of Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM; www.escer.uqam.ca) in collaboration with Environment and Climate Change Canada. We acknowledge Environment and Climate Change Canada's Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis for executing and making available the CanESM2 Large Ensemble simulations used in this study, and the Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution Network for proposing the simulations. Computations with the CRCM5 for the ClimEx project were made on the SuperMUC supercomputer at Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. The operation of this supercomputer is funded via the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing (GCS) by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Bavarian State Ministry of Education, Science and the Arts. Website: https://www.climex-project.org/
Reference:
Leduc, M., A. Mailhot, A. Frigon, J. Martel, R. Ludwig, G.B. Brietzke, M. Giguère, F. Brissette, R. Turcotte, M. Braun, and J. Scinocca, 2019: The ClimEx Project: A 50-Member Ensemble of Climate Change Projections at 12-km Resolution over Europe and Northeastern North America with the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5). J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 58, 663–693, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-18-0021.1.
We would like to thank the Ouranos consortium which provided and processed all the climatic data necessary to produce the Hydroclimatic Atlas.
Modeling Centre | Model | Number of members | Atmospheric grid resolution (degrees) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RCP4.5 | RCP4.5 | Latitude | Longitude | ||
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation / Bureau of Meteorology (CSIRO-BOM) | ACCESS1.0 | 1 | 1 | 1.25 | 1.875 |
ACCESS1.3 | 1 | 1 | 1.25 | 1.875 | |
Beijing Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration (BCC) | bcc-csm1.1 | 1 | 1 | 2.7906 | 2.8125 |
bcc-csm1.1(m) | 1 | 1 | 2.7906 | 2.8125 | |
College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University (GCESS) | BNU-ESM | 1 | 1 | 2.7906 | 2.8125 |
Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma) | CanESM2 | 5 | 5 | 2.7906 | 2.8125 |
Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per I Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC) | CMCC-CESM | - | 1 | 3.4431 | 3.75 |
CMCC-CM | 1 | 1 | 0.7484 | 0.75 | |
CMCC-CMS | 1 | 1 | 3.7111 | 3.75 | |
Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques / Centre Europeen de Recherche et Formation Avancees en Calcul Scientifique (CNRM-CERFACS) | CNRM-CM5 | 1 | 1 | 1.4008 | 1.40625 |
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in collaboration with the Queensland Climate Change Centre of Excellence (CSIRO-QCCCE) | CSIRO-Mk3.6.0 | 10 | 10 | 1.8653 | 1.875 |
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Tsinghua University (LASG-CESS) | FGOALS-g2 | 1 | 1 | 2.7906 | 2.8125 |
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA GFDL) | GFDL-CM3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2.5 |
GFDL-ESM2G | 1 | 1 | 2.0225 | 2 | |
GFDL-ESM2M | 1 | 1 | 2.0225 | 2 | |
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA GISS) | GISS-E2-H | 1 | - | 2 | 2.5 |
GISS-E2-R | 2 | - | 2 | 2.5 | |
Institute for Numerical Mathematics (INM) | inm-cm4 | 1 | 1 | 1.5 | 2 |
Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL) | IPSL-CM5A-LR | 4 | 4 | 1.8947 | 3.75 |
IPSL-CM5A-MR | 1 | 1 | 1.2676 | 2.5 | |
IPSL-CM5B-LR | 1 | 1 | 1.8947 | 3.75 | |
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute (The University of Tokyo) / National Institute for Environmental Studies / Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (MIROC) | MIROC-ESM | 1 | 1 | 2.7906 | 2.8125 |
MIROC-ESM-CHEM | 1 | 1 | 2.7906 | 2.8125 | |
MIROC5 | 3 | 3 | 1.4008 | 1.40625 | |
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M) | MPI-ESM-LR | 3 | 3 | 1.8653 | 1.875 |
MPI-ESM-MR | 3 | 1 | 1.8653 | 1.875 | |
Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) | MRI-CGCM3 | 1 | 1 | 1.12148 | 1.125 |
MRI-ESM1 | - | 1 | 1.12148 | 1.125 | |
Norwegian Climate Centre (NCC) | NorESM1-M | 1 | 1 | 1.8947 | 2.5 |
Total | 52 | 47 |
Modeling Centre | Regional model | Driver | Number of members | Atmospheric grid resolution (degrees) | |
RCP4.5 | RCP8.5 | Latitude & Longitude | |||
Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM) | CRCM5 | CanESM2 | 1 | 1 | 0.44 |
MPI-ESM-LR | 1 | 0.44 | |||
MPI-ESM-MR | 1 | 1 | 0.44 | ||
Ouranos | CRCM5 | CanESM2 | 0 | 50* | 0.11 |
1 | 5 | 0.22 | |||
MPI-ESM-LR | 1 | 1 | 0.22 | ||
CNRM-CM5 | 1 | 1 | 0.22 | ||
GFDL-ESM2M | 1 | 1 | 0.22 | ||
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) | RCA4 | CanESM2 | 1 | 1 | 0.44 |
EC-EARTH | 1 | 1 | 0.44 | ||
Iowa State University (ISU) National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) |
RegCM4 | MPI-ESM-LR | 1 | 0.22 | |
1 | 0.44 | ||||
GFDL-ESM2M | 1 | 0.22 | |||
1 | 0.44 | ||||
Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma) | CanRCM4 | CanESM2 | 1 | 1 | 0.22 |
1 | 1 | 0.44 | |||
Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) | HIRHAM5 | EC-EARTH | 1 | 1 | 0.44 |
Total | 12 | 19 + 50 |
* ClimEx